Judge Isaac C. Parker

I have ever had the single aim of justice in view... 'Do equal and exact justice,' is my motto, and I have often said to the grand jury, 'Permit no innocent man to be punished, but let no guilty man escape.'

—Judge Isaac C. Parker, 1896

Image credit: Fort Smith National Historic Site

For twenty-one years, Judge Isaac C. Parker held the bench of the U.S. Court for the Western District of Arkansas. His tenure was unique in the history of the federal judiciary; while most U.S. district judges toiled away on civil cases, Parker heard thousands of criminal complaints of disputes and violence. He sentenced 160 people to death, and for fourteen years he did so while the condemned had no right of appeal.

Sensational cases and executions overshadowed Parker's contributions in rehabilitating offenders, reforming the criminal justice system, and advocating the rights of the Indian nations. In Fort Smith he tried to create, in his own words, "the moral force of a strong federal court."

Remembered in Western novels and films as the "Hanging Judge," Isaac Parker's real career and accomplishments in Fort Smith are far more fascinating and complicated. Use the links on this page to learn more about Judge Parker.

Learn More About Judge Parker

Biography of Judge Isaac C. Parker

A biography of Judge Isaac C. Parker, who held the bench of the U.S. Court for the Western District of Arkansas for twenty-one years.
The Words of Judge Parker

Judge Parker in his own words including letters, speeches, jury instructions, and sentencings.
Obituaries of Judge Parker

Following Judge Parker's death, obituaries were printed locally and nationally.
Further Reading on Judge Parker

Explore a list of articles, books, and other works written about Judge Parker.
Judge Parker: Frequently Asked Questions

The facts behind some of the myths and common questions about Judge Isaac C. Parker.