Grasses

Temperate grasslands in the American Southwest are known for their extreme seasonal temperatures, a dry season each year, and a landscape dominated by grasses. Unfortunately, these areas have been heavily impacted by land use, leading to a decline of more than 98%. Additionally, shrub encroachment has affected over 8.7 million acres of grasslands nationwide. This region features three main types of grasslands: desert grasslands and shrub-steppe, Colorado Plateau semi-desert grasslands and shrub-steppe, and Southern Plains grasslands.

Native grasses play a vital role in the desert ecosystem of the Southwest. They provide excellent forage for cattle and help address various natural resource challenges. These perennial grasses thrive in hot, dry conditions, helping to lower soil surface temperatures, reduce erosion, and enhance water absorption. They are essential for conservation efforts, aiding in soil stabilization, protecting roadsides, and restoring abandoned agricultural land.

Grassland vegetation is the most prevalent type of plant life in the American Southwest, covering about 30% of the area. Unlike many other plants, grasses grow from their base and have extensive root systems, which allow them to recover after disturbances and access groundwater during dry spells.

Common Grass Species in New Mexico:

• Blue Grama (Bouteloua gracilis): Found in arid plains, known for its drought resistance.
• Black Grama (Bouteloua eriopoda): Thrives in desert grasslands, characterized by its short, tufted form.
• Indian Ricegrass (Achnatherum hymenoides): Grows in sandy soils and tolerates poor soil conditions.
• Sideoats Grama (Bouteloua curtipendula): Adapts to various terrains and has decorative seed heads.