Additional Information

Many people visit national parks to enjoy the soothing sounds of nature.
Many people visit national parks to enjoy the soothing sounds of nature.

NPS / Jeremy M. White

Introductory Materials

Air Tour Management Planning

Acoustical Monitoring

Effects of Noise

  • Barber, J. R., K. R. Crooks, and K. M. Fristrup. (2010). The costs of chronic noise exposure for terrestrial organisms. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 25(3): 180-189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2009.08.002
  • Barber, J. R., K. M. Fristrup, C. L. Brown, A. R. Hardy, L. M. Angeloni, and K. R. Crooks. (2009.) Conserving the wild life therein--Protecting park fauna from anthropogenic noise. Park Science 26 (3). https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2201563
  • Buxton, R. T., M. F. McKenna, D. Mennitt, K. Fristrup, K. Crooks, L. Angeloni, and G. Wittemyer. (2017). Noise pollution is pervasive in U.S. protected areas. Science 356: 531533. https://www.science.org/doi/full/10.1126/science.aah4783
  • Fuller R. A, P. H. Warren, and K. J. Gaston. (2007). Daytime noise predicts nocturnal singing in urban robins. Biology Letters, 3 (4): 368–370 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2007.0134
  • Mennitt, D., K. Sherrill, and K. Fristrup. (2014). A geospatial model of ambient sound pressure levels in the contiguous United States. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 135 (5): 2746–2764. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4870481
  • Parris, K. M., Velik-Lord, M., & North, J. M. A. (2009). Frogs Call at a Higher Pitch in Traffic Noise. Ecology and Society, 14(1). http://www.jstor.org/stable/26268025
  • Shannon, G., M. F. McKenna, L. M. Angeloni, K. R. Crooks, K. M. Fristrup, E. Brown, K. A. Warner, M. D. Nelson, C. White, J. Briggs, S. McFarland, and G. Wittemyer. (2015). A synthesis of two decades of research documenting the effects of noise on wildlife. Biological Reviews 91(4): 982-1005. https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12207
  • Ware, H. E., C.J.W. McClure, J.D. Carlisle, and J.R. Barber. (2015). A phantom road experiment reveals traffic noise is an invisible source of habitat degradation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112 (39): 12105-12109, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1504710112
Noise Mitigation

Soundscape-related Planning Documents

Last updated: March 28, 2025