Thermophilic Bacteria

The word “Bacteria” is often associated with disease, but only a few kinds of Bacteria (species) cause problems for humans. The other millions of bacterial species, although all simple organisms, play a complex role in Earth’s ecosystems. In fact, Cyanobacteria were responsible for the oxygenation of our atmosphere. They were the first photosynthesizers, converting light energy into oxygen more than 2.4 billion years ago. Without Bacteria, in particular Cyanobacteria, humans would not be able to breathe and we would therefore not be here.

While some Bacteria perform photosynthesis, others depend on chemical energy that is released when unusual compounds like hydrogen, arsenic, or sulfur react with oxygen. This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide into biomass (chemosynthesis). For example, the bacterium, Thermus, may also be able to oxidize arsenic into a less toxic form to humans.

Individual Bacteria may be rod or sphere shaped, but they often join end to end to form long strands and streamers (filaments) that are often seen in the outflow channels of hot springs. These strands help form thermophilic mats, forming a vast community or mini-ecosystem. Other groups of Bacteria form layered structures resembling tiny towers, that can trap sand and other organic materials.